print_r(stones(4, 10, 100));

// Compute all possible numbers that might occur on the last stone
function stones($n, $a, $b) {
    
    $res = [];
    
    $n_z_s = $n - 1;
    
    // If the difference between $a and $b is 0, 
    // there will be only one possible answer
    if ($a == $b) {
        return [$n_z_s * $a];
    }
    
    // Needs to choose min and max of the numbers 
    // to loop through the possible answers
    $min = min($a, $b);
    $max = max($a, $b);
    
    // As the pattern shows (from the Explanation) the difference  
    // of the answer's numbers is exactly the same as the difference  
    // between the last two parameters: $a and $b, in this case: 90
    $diff = $max - $min;
    for ($i = $n_z_s*$min;  $i <= $max*$n_z_s;  $i += $diff) {
        $res[] = $i;
    }
    return $res;
}


/*
With differences 10 and 100, all possible series are the following:
0, 10, 20, 30
0, 10, 20, 120
0, 10, 110, 120
0, 100, 110, 120
0, 10, 110, 210
0, 100, 110, 210
0, 100, 200, 210
0, 100, 200, 300
Hence the answer 30 120 210 300
As the pattern shows (from the Explanation) the difference  
of the answer's numbers is exactly the same as the difference  
between the last two parameters: $a and $b, in this case: 90
*/

echo repeatedString("mango", 10);

function repeatedString($string, $number) {
	$ltr = 'a'; //letter function
	$strl = strlen($string);

	$res = substr_count($string, $ltr)*floor($number/$strl);

	$res += substr_count(substr($string, 0, $number%$strl), $ltr);

}
return $res;

plusMinus([-3, -5, 6, 7, 0, 0, 2, 4, -5, 3]);
//plusMinus([2 ,1,0, 0, 0, -6 ,-4, 10, 3, -7])."\n\n";
//plusMinus([1, 2, -6, -3, 8, 0 , 0, 1,-9, 4])."\n\n";


//calculate a ratio of positive, negative and 0 numbers in array
function plusMinus($arr){
	$r=[0,0,0];
	
	foreach ($arr as $item){
		if ($item>0){
			$r[0]++;
		}else if ($item<0){
			$r[1]++;
		}else{
			$r[2]++;
		}
	}
	//number of items in entire array
	$s = count($arr);
    // Calculates each ratio and rounds the result to 6 digits
    $res = [round($r[0]/$s, 6), round($r[1]/$s, 6), round($r[2]/$s, 6)];
    
    echo $res[0] . "\n";
    echo $res[1] . "\n";
    echo $res[2] . "\n";
	
}

echo viralAdvertising(5)."\n\n";
echo viralAdvertising(10);

function viralAdvertising($n) {
	$liked = 2;
	$shared = 0;
	$cumulative = 2;

for ($i = 2; $i <= $n; $i++) {
		$shared = $liked*3;
		$liked = floor($shared/2);
		$cumulative += $liked;
	}
	return $cumulative;
}

echo timeInWords(5, 45)."\n";
echo timeInWords(3, 00)."\n";
echo timeInWords(7, 15)."\n";
echo timeInWords(6, 30)."\n";
echo timeInWords(2, 50)."\n";
echo timeInWords(8, 01)."\n";
echo timeInWords(9, 59)."\n";

function timeInWords($h, $m) {
	$res = (" ");

	if ($m == 00) {
		$res = $h . " o'clock";
	} else if ($m == 30) {
		$res = "Half past " . $h;
	} else if ($m == 15) {
		$res = "Quarter past " . $h;
	} else if ($m == 45) {
		$res = "Quarter to " . $h + 1;
	} else if ($m < 30) {
		$res = $m . " minutes  past " . $h;
	} else {
		$res = 60 - $m . " minutes  to " . $h + 1;
	}
	return $res;
}

function timeInWords_2($h, $m) {
	$res = (' ');

	switch ($m) {
		case '00';
			$res = $h . " o'clock";
			break;
		case '30';
			$res = "Half past " . $h;
			break;
		case '45';
			$res = "Quarter to " . $h + 1;
			break;
		case '15';
			$res = "Quarter past " . $h;
			break;
		case $m < 30;
			$res = $m . " minutes  past " . $h;
			break;
		case $m > 30;
			$res = 60 - $m . " minutes  to " . $h + 1;
			break;
	}
	return $res;
}

echo utopianTree(5)."\n";

function utopianTree($n) {
	$val = 1;

	for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {
		if ($i%2 == 0) {
			//doubled for each odd year
			$val *= 2;
		} else {
			//increased by one for each even year
			$val++;
		}
	}
	return $val;
}

echo isIsogram("Password")."\n";
echo isIsogram_2("Tkemaladze")."\n";

function isIsogram($str){
	$str=strtolower($str);//turn to lower case
	$len=strlen($str);//count lenght of word array
	$array=[];//create new array
	for ($i=0; $i<$len; $i++){
		if (!isset($array[$str[$i]])){
			$array[$str[$i]]=true;
		}else{
			return false;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

function isIsogram_2($str){
	$str=strtolower($str);//turn to lower case
	$len=strlen($str);//count lenght of word array
	$array=[];//create new array
	for ($i=0; $i<$len; $i++){
		if (in_array($str[$i], $array)){
			return true;
		}else{
			$array[]=$str[$i];
		}
	}
	return true;
}

SimpleXMLElement

$test_array = array (
  'bla' => 'blub',
  'foo' => 'bar',
  'another_array' => array (
    'stack' => 'overflow',
  ),
);

$xml = new SimpleXMLElement('<rootTag/>');
to_xml($xml, $test_array);
print $xml->asXML();

function to_xml(SimpleXMLElement $object, array $data)
{   
    foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
        if (is_array($value)) {
            $new_object = $object->addChild($key);
            to_xml($new_object, $value);
        } else {
            // if the key is an integer, it needs text with it to actually work.
            if ($key != 0 && $key == (int) $key) {
                $key = "key_$key";
            }

            $object->addChild($key, $value);
        }   
    }   
}

print_r(fizzBuzz_2(35));

function fizzBuzz_1($n){
	$result = [];
	for ($i = 1; $i <= $n; $i++) {
		$output = "";
		if ($i%3 == 0 && $i%5 == 0) {
			$output = "FizzBuzz";
		}if ($i%3 == 0) {
			$output = "Fizz";
		}if ($i%5 == 0) {
			$output = "Buzz";
		}if (!$output) {
			$output = $i;
		}
		$result[] = $output;
	}
}

function fizzBuzz_2($n) {
    $result = [];
    for ($i = 1;  $i <= $n;  $i++) {

        if ($i%15 == 0) {
            $output = "FizzBuzz";
        } else if ($i%3 == 0) {
            $output = "Fizz";
        } else if ($i%5 == 0) {
            $output = "Buzz";
        } else {
            $output = "$i";
        }
        $result[] = $output;
    }
    return $result;
}