Git, tags are used to typically to indicate important milestones such as

releases 

or

version 

numbers. Lightweight tags:

git tag v1.0.0 // tags for previous commits (refers to the last commit)
git tag v1.0.0 <commit-hash> // tag for specific commit

Annotated tags:

git tag -a v1.0.0 -m "Version 1.0.0 release"

checkout to tag:

git checkout v1.0.0
git checkout master // to return the last commits again

Listing all tags:

git tag

Deleting a tag: // deletes only tag - not commits

git tag -d v1.0.0

Create a tag for a branch:

git tag v1.0.0 master

push tag to a remote repository

 git push origin v1.0.0

 php artisan db:seed --class=RoleSeeder

While using docker

./vendor/bin/sail php artisan db:seed --class=RoleSeeder

git reflog

Using the git reflog command should reveal Git's internal diary of all of the commits that HEAD has pointed to in your local repository—even the ones you thought were lost forever (assuming they weren’t old enough to have expired).

git whatchanged --since='2weeks ago'

Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.

The git merge --squash command combines changes from one branch into another branch but does not create a merge commit. Step 1: Initialize project

git init

Step 2: create index.html file and 2 commit m1,m2 add text "m1" into index.html and commit as m1

echo "m1" > index.html
git add .
git commit -m "m1" 

add text "m2" into index.html and commit as m2

echo "m2" >> index.html
git add .
git commit -m "m2" 

Step 3: create feature branch and checkout

git checkout -b feature

Step 4: create feature folder&file create feature.html into the feature folder and add text "f1" then commit as f1

echo "f1" >> feature/feature.html
git add .
git commit -m "f1" 

Step 5: Checkout to master

git checkout master

Step 6: add text "m3" into index.html and commit as m3

echo "m3" >> index.html
git add .
git commit -m "m3" 

Step 7: Checkout to feature

git checkout feature

Step 8: add text "f2" into feature.html and commit as f2

echo "f1" >> feature/feature.html
git add .
git commit -m "f2" 

Step 9: Checkout to master

git checkout master

Step 10: Merge feature branch into master with squash

git merge --squash feature

Step 11: See git status because files we will have into the staging area and we need create a commit for it

git status
git commit -m "Merge feature branch into master"

The git rebase command moves or combines a sequence of commits from one branch onto another branch. Step 1: Initialize project

git init

Step 2: create index.html file and 2 commit m1,m2 add text "m1" into index.html and commit as m1

echo "m1" > index.html
git add .
git commit -m "m1" 

add text "m2" into index.html and commit as m2

echo "m2" >> index.html
git add .
git commit -m "m2" 

Step 3: create feature branch and checkout

git checkout -b feature

Step 4: create feature folder&file add text "f1" into feature.html and commit as f1

echo "f1" >> feature.html
git add .
git commit -m "f1" 

Step 5: Checkout to master

git checkout master

Step 6: add text "m3" into index.html and commit as m3

echo "m3" >> index.html
git add .
git commit -m "m3" 

Step 7: Checkout to feature

git checkout feature

Step 8: rebase master branch into feature

git rebase master

Step 8: add text "f2" into feature.html and commit as f2

echo "f2" >> feature.html
git add .
git commit -m "f2" 

Step 9: Checkout to master

git checkout master

Step 10: Merge the feature branch into master

git rebase feature

The git merge command combines changes from one branch into another branch and creates a new "merge commit" that represents the merge. Step 1: Initialize project

git init

Step 2: create index.html file and 2 commit m1,m2 add text "m1" into index.html and commit as m1

echo "m1" > index.html
git add .
git commit -m "m1" 

add text "m2" into index.html and commit as m2

echo "m2" >> index.html
git add .
git commit -m "m2" 

Step 3: create feature branch and checkout

git checkout -b feature

Step 4: create feature folder&file create feature.html into the feature folder and add text "f1" then commit as f1

echo "f1" >> feature/feature.html
git add .
git commit -m "f1" 

Step 5: Checkout to master

git checkout master

Step 6: add text "m3" into index.html and commit as m3

echo "m3" >> index.html
git add .
git commit -m "m3" 

Step 7: Checkout to feature

git checkout feature

Step 8: add text "f2" into feature.html and commit as f2

echo "f1" >> feature/feature.html
git add .
git commit -m "f2" 

Step 9: Checkout to master

git checkout master

Step 10: Merge the feature branch into master

git merge feature

as the result, we will get a new commit

 Merge branch 'feature'  

Displays the

author and last commit information

for each line in a file, helping track the origin of changes. Create a file and add some content:

echo "Line 1" > myfile.txt
echo "Line 2" >> myfile.txt
echo "Line 3" >> myfile.txt

Add and commit the file:

git add myfile.txt
git commit -m "Initial commit"

Make changes to the file and commit them

Make changes to the file and commit them

git blame myfile.txt

02fa3e76 (Luka 2023-06-01 20:07:40 +0400 1) Line 1
02fa3e76 (Luka 2023-06-01 20:07:40 +0400 2) Line 2
02fa3e76 (Luka 2023-06-01 20:07:40 +0400 3) Line 3
91354ada (Luka 2023-06-01 20:08:10 +0400 4) Line 4
91354ada (Luka 2023-06-01 20:08:10 +0400 5) Line 4
7ba66ba6 (Luka 2023-06-01 20:08:23 +0400 6) Line 5

Reverts the changes made in a specific commit by creating a new commit that undoes those changes.

echo "This is the initial content." > myfile.txt

add and commit file

git add myfile.txt
git commit -m "Initial commit"

make changes

echo "This is the modified content." > myfile.txt
git add myfile.txt
git commit -m "Modified myfile.txt"

revert last commit

git revert HEAD

or we can use specifying with the commit ID

git revert 4c04ecc

git log will return

 Revert "added file 4" --- Commit name

    This reverts commit 4c04eccff32e195ac0df17b1543f7f81de32d938. --- Commit id

"git grep "example" git grep command allows you to search for specific patterns within your Git repository This command will search for the word "example" in all tracked files in your repository and display the file names and the lines where the word is found. Example: Create files

echo "This is an example file" > file1.txt
echo "Another example file" > file2.txt

Add the files

git add file1.txt file2.txt
git commit -m "Initial commit"

Search for the word "example"

git grep "example"

Use a regular expression to search for words starting with "ex":

git grep "ex\w*"

Perform a case-insensitive search for the word "example":

git grep -i "example"