$bool = TRUE;  
if (is_null($bool))  
{
	echo 'Variable is  NULL';  
}
else 
{
	echo 'Variable is not NULL';  
}  
// outputs :  Variable is not NULL
function display( $number ) {    
    if( $number <= 10 ){    
     echo "$number";    
     display ($number+1 );    
    }
}    
display(0);  
// outputs :  012345678910function print_arr(...$numbers) {  
    foreach ($numbers as $element) {  
        echo $element."\n";  
    }  
}  
echo print_arr(1, 2, 3, 4);  
// outputs :   1 2 3 4function addition( $x = 10 ){  
	echo $x + 10;  
}  
addition(40); // outputs :  50
addition(); // passing no value. outputs :  20function addition( $x = 10, $y = 20 ){  
	echo $x + $y;  
}  
addition(5); // passing one argument. outputs :  25
addition(); // passing no value. outputs :  30intval()$number_str = "10";
$int_number = intval($number_str);
echo gettype($int_number); // outputs:  integer
$str = 10;
$number = (int)$str;
echo gettype($number); // outputs:  integerstrval()$number = 10;
// converts integer into string
$str = strval($number);
echo gettype($str); // outputs:  string$integer = 10;
$str = "$integer";
echo gettype($str); // outputs:  string$num = 5;
$str = (string)$num; // or String
echo gettype($str); // outputs:  stringfunction removeElement($nums, $val) {
    return array_diff($nums, [$val]);   
}
print_r(removeElement([0,1,2,2,3,0,4,2], 2);<?php
function lengthOfLastWord1($s) {
        $words = str_word_count($s,1);  //returns words in array
        //(function returns an array with the words from the string) 
        $wordCount = str_word_count($s); //counts words in text 
        $lastW =  $words[$wordCount-1];//returns last word
        $lastWLen = strlen($lastW); //The last word length
        $lastResult = "The last word is ".'"'.$lastW.'"'." with length $lastWLen";
        return  $lastWLen;
        return $lastResult;