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- Basics of Programming
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- Sass
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Results: 1580

Notes

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XML Comments Rules

Rules that should be followed when we use XML comments:

- Comment must appear after XML declaration.
- Comment may appear anywhere in a document
- Comment must not appear within attribute values.
- Comment cannot be nested inside the other comment.

by Valeri Tandilashvili

XML

XML comments

XML Tutorial

XML CDATA

The term

CDATA

means,

Character Data

. CDATA is defined as blocks of text that

are not parsed

by the parser, but are otherwise recognized as markup

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<student>
    <!-- Some comment about the student -->
    <first-name>George</first-name>
    <phone.mobile>(011) 123-4567</phone.mobile>
    <city />
    <description>
        <![CDATA[
            <p>
            <a href="/mylink/article1"><img style="float: left; margin-right: 5px;" height="80" src="/mylink/image" alt=""/></a>
            Author Names
            <br/><em>Date</em>
            <br/>Paragraph of text describing the article to be displayed</p>
        ]]>        
    </description>
</student>

CDATA Start section

- CDATA begins with the nine-character delimiter

<![CDATA[

CDATA End section

- CDATA section ends with

]]>

delimiter

CData section

- Characters inside

CData

section are interpreted as characters, and not as markup. It may contain markup characters

, and

, but they are ignored by the XML processor

by Valeri Tandilashvili

XML

XML CDATA

XML Tutorial

XML CDATA Rules

CDATA

cannot contain the string

]]>

anywhere in the XML document 2.

Nesting

is not allowed in CDATA section

by Valeri Tandilashvili

XML

XML CDATA

XML Tutorial

XML CDATA / comments differences

1. CDATA is still

part of the document

, while a comment is not 2. In CDATA we cannot include the string

]]>

, while in a comment

--

3. CDATA content is visible on the web if we specify

xmlns

attribute as

http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml

, even if the file is saved as

.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head>
        <title>CDATA Example</title>
    </head>
    <body>

        <h2>Using a Comment</h2>
        <div id="commentExample">
            <!--
            You won't see this in the document
            and can use reserved characters like
            < > & "
            -->
        </div>

        <h2>Using a CDATA Section</h2>
        <div id="cdataExample">
            <![CDATA[
            You will see this in the document
            and can use reserved characters like
            < > & "
            ]]>
        </div>

    </body>
</html>

by Valeri Tandilashvili

XML

XML CDATA

XML White Spaces

There are 3 types of whitespace within an XML document, XML Syntax, Significant and Insignificant

1. XML Syntactical whitespace - is whitespace required by the XML in order to delimitate XML constructs.

2. Insignificant Whitespace - is whitespace, that is not considered part of an element, if two elements are separated by just whitespace its considered insignificant.

3. Significant Whitespace - is whitespace that XML element attribute contains.

by Valeri Tandilashvili

XML

XML White Spaces

XML Processing Instructions (PIs)

XML Processing instructions allow documents to contain instructions for applications. PI consists of two parts: 1.

target

- Identifies the application to which the instruction is directed. 2.

instruction

- A character that describes the information for the

target

application to process. ... PI's example in real XML document

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<student>
    <?sort alpha-ascending?>
    <?textinfo whitespace is allowed ?>
    <first-name>George</first-name>
    <phone.mobile>(011) 123-4567</phone.mobile>
</student>

In this example we have two PIs 1.

sort

with value -

alpha-ascending

textinfo

with value -

whitespace is allowed

... Note: processing instructions can contain any data except the combination

?>

, which is interpreted as a closing delimiter

by Valeri Tandilashvili

XML

XML PIs

XML - get PI's values using PHP

The code below can be used to get PI's value from an XML document

<?php

$my_xml_data = 
'<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<student>
    <?sort alpha-ascending?>
    <?textinfo whitespace is allowed ?>
    <first-name>George</first-name>
    <phone.mobile>(011) 123-4567</phone.mobile>
</student>';

$xml = simplexml_load_string($my_xml_data);

$doc   = dom_import_simplexml($xml)->ownerDocument;
$xpath = new DOMXPath($doc);

# prints "/* processing instructions */ ", the value of the first PI: textinfo
echo $xpath->evaluate('string(//processing-instruction("textinfo")[1])');

The output of the above code is the following:

whitespace is allowed

by Valeri Tandilashvili

XML

XML Processing Instructions

XML encoding

There are two the most commonly used Encoding Types for XML documents: 1.

UTF-8

- 8-bits are used to represent a character 2.

UTF-16

- 16-bits are used to represent a character ...

UTF

stands for

UCS Transformation Format

, and UCS itself means

Universal Character Set

... XML document example that has

UTF-8

encoding

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<student>
    <first-name>George</first-name>
    <phone.mobile>(011) 123-4567</phone.mobile>
</student>

Note: If an XML document has not specified encoding, the default is

UTF-8

by Valeri Tandilashvili

XML

XML Encoding

XML Tutorial

XML schemas CODE

XML Schema Definition (XSD) is used to validate and describe an XML data structure and content . It defines the

elements

attributes

and

data types

. Here is how XML schema looks like

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xs:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <xs:element name="company">
    <xs:complexType>
      <xs:sequence>
        <xs:element name="id" type="xs:unsignedInt" />
        <xs:element name="name" type="xs:string" />
        <xs:element name="phone" type="xs:string" />
      </xs:sequence>
    </xs:complexType>
  </xs:element>
</xs:schema>

The XML schema is derived from the following XML:

<company>
    <id>2859385</id>
    <name>Tanmay Patil</name>
    <phone>(011) 123-4567</phone>
</company>

The XML schema is generated using the following online tool:

https://www.liquid-technologies.com/online-xml-to-xsd-converter

by Valeri Tandilashvili

XML

XML Schemas

XML Tutorial

passing PHP values to JS in Laravel blade

Correct way to pass values to

JS

is to use

!!

directives:

<script>
        
    change_asset_category('{!! $category_values !!}');

</script>

The result will be:

<script>
        
change_asset_category('{"version":"vers","patch_level":"patc","bcp_dr":"bcp\/d"}');

</script>

by Valeri Tandilashvili

Laravel

Results: 1580