class

- blueprint, skeleton, basic structure of an object

property

- data of an object, equivalent to PHP variables

method

- behavior of an object, equivalent to PHP functions

inheritance

- ability to use properties and methods of an existing class

polymorphism

- ability to have many forms, when a class has varying functionality while sharing a common interfaces

encapsulation

- to hide or protect certain properties or methods of an object

abstraction

- a concept in which a class has methods without implementation