Shows changes of the commit

git show a8098222d481b2c4249e09cdf639427b237a1d8f

Shows only

index.html

changes from the commit

git show a8098222d481b2c4249e09cdf639427b237a1d8f index.html

Shows changes of the last commit (HEAD always points to the last commit if it is not detached)

git show HEAD

Lists all commits of the local repository

git log

Lists all commits each on one line (only commit identifier and commit message)

git log --pretty=oneline

Almost the same as the above command. But the commit identifier is shortened (only the first several symbols)

git log --oneline

If we are on

master

and we want to see other branch's commits

git log another_branch

After fetching new commits from remote, we can see the new commits (even if we are on

master

)

git log origin/master --oneline

Shows some abbreviated stats for each commit

git log --stat

It shows all commits in the history of branches, tags and other refs, but it does not show commits that are not reachable from any ref

git log --all

We can even specify a format of the commits history

git log --pretty=format:"%h - %an, %ar : %s"

Where:

%h

is the commit identifier

%an

- author of the commit

%ar

- how much time ego was created

%s

- message of the commit The format result:

a11bef0 - Scott Chacon, 6 years ago : Initial commit

... Funny format which will result in:

54d459d by VLR, which created the commit 28 hours ago with comment: some messagee

git log --pretty=format:"%h by %an, which created the commit %ar with comment: %s"

shows the difference between the working directory and index

git difftool HEAD

Shows the difference between the commits in some of the difftool apps (that is previously configured)

git difftool a8098222d481b2c4249e09cdf639427b237a1d8f 17d3352bd6486e4c34bbfc51053c7b86911458da

Shows the difference between

login.frm

files from different commits in default diff.tool

git difftool a8098222d481b2c4249e09cdf639427b237a1d8f 17d3352bd6486e4c34bbfc51053c7b86911458da login.frm

If the diff.tool is not configured, the default console diff tool

vimdiff

will be used instead. ... Shows what default diff.tool is

git config --global merge.tool

Shows what meld.path is

git config --global mergetool.meld.path

Configure merge tool and set

meld

as default

git config --global merge.tool "meld"
git config --global mergetool.meld.path "C:\Program Files (x86)\Meld\Meld.exe"

Configure difftool prompt to false

git config --global difftool.prompt false

Deletes the

login

branch

git branch -d login

Deletes the

login

branch (with force mode, which means - the branch will be deleted, even if it's not fully merged

git branch -D login

Pushes commits to the remote branch

git push origin new_branch

If the branch does not exist on remote repository, first should be run this command:

git push --set-upstream origin new_branch

Alternative of the above command is this command:

git push -u origin new_branch

To delete branch

new_branch

on remote repository

git push origin new_branch --delete

To delete branch

new_branch

on remote repository

git push origin --delete new_branch

Shows unstaged changes

git diff

Shows staged changes

git diff --staged

The same as the above command

git diff --cached

Shows the difference between the working directory and index (both staged and unstaged files)

git diff HEAD

Shows the difference between the commits

git diff a80982d 17d3352

Shows the difference between

login.frm

files from different commits

git diff a809822 17d3352 login.frm

HEAD reference location:

.git / HEAD

If the current branch is master and

HEAD

is not detached, then the content of the file will be

ref: refs/heads/master

We are in

detached HEAD

state if the HEAD does not point to the most recent commit. We can go into

detached HEAD

if we run the command below (if the commit is not the last one)

git checkout ba48ldo